An ethos or an afterthought?: an exploratory study into the educational inclusion of Gypsy/Travellers in a local authority / Caitriona Ni Mhuircheartaigh

This study explored the educational inclusion of Gypsy/Travellers (G/Ts) in a Local Authority (LA). Using a qualitative design, underpinned by a transformative ethos, it employed unstructured interviews to gather the perspectives of Irish Traveller (IT) parents and School Staff (SS) on the barriers and opportunities for inclusive education (IE) in the local context. Thematic analysis carried out separately on both data sets revealed that similar topics were raised by both sets of participants, which can be understood within three overarching concepts (‘over-arching-concept’s); Discriminatory Attitudes, Achieving Education for All and Creating Welcoming Communities. However, critical differences between how similar issues were understood emerged. These related particularly to understandings of equality and equity and the responsibility for inclusion. These ‘over-arching-concept’s are discussed in relation to how they create a story of exclusion from, rather than inclusion in education for these communities. The study concludes that in order to redress the historical and ongoing discrimination and exclusion experienced by these communities, a positive action approach to developing policies and practices, which complements a more equitable understanding of IE among educational services in this context is needed. Implications for Educational Psychology (EP) practice to support the development of IE in targeted areas within Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) eco-systems are suggested

Consultant psychiatrists's experience of the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on mental health services in Ireland

Objectives: The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide threatening human health. To reduce transmission, a ‘lockdown’ was introduced in Ireland between March-May 2020. The aim of this study is to capture the experiences of Consultant Psychiatrists during lockdown and their perception of its impact on Mental Health Services. Methods: A questionnaire designed by the Royal College of Psychiatrists was adapted and circulated to Consultant members of the College of Psychiatrists following the easing of restrictions. The questionnaire assessed the perceived impact on referral rates, mental health act provision, availability of Information Technology (IT), consultant well-being and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Thematic analysis was employed to analyse free-text sections. Results: Response rate was 32% (N=197/623). Consultants reported an initial decrease/significant decrease in referrals in the first month of lockdown (68%, N=95/140) followed by an increase/significant increase in the second month for both new (83%, N=100/137) and previously attending patients (65%, N=88/136). Social isolation and reduced face-to-face mental health supports were among the main reasons identified. The needs of children and older adults were highlighted. Most consultants (76%, N=98/129) felt their working day was affected and their well-being reduced (52%, N=61/119). The majority felt IT equipment availability was inadequate (67%, N=88/132). Main themes identified from free-text sections were service management, relationship between patients and healthcare service and effects on consultants’ lives. Conclusions: The COVID19 pandemic has placed increased pressure on service provision and consultant wellness. This further supports the longstanding need to increase mental health service investment in Ireland

Age-dependent electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns during sevoflurane general anesthesia in infants

Electroencephalogram (EEG) approaches may provide important information about developmental changes in brain-state dynamics during general anesthesia. We used multi-electrode EEG, analyzed with multitaper spectral methods and video recording of body movement to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain activity in 36 infants 0–6 months old when awake, and during maintenance of and emergence from sevoflurane general anesthesia. During maintenance: (1) slow-delta oscillations were present in all ages; (2) theta and alpha oscillations emerged around 4 months; (3) unlike adults, all infants lacked frontal alpha predominance and coherence. Alpha power was greatest during maintenance, compared to awake and emergence in infants at 4–6 months. During emergence, theta and alpha power decreased with decreasing sevoflurane concentration in infants at 4–6 months. These EEG dynamic differences are likely due to developmental factors including regional differences in synaptogenesis, glucose metabolism, and myelination across the cortex. We demonstrate the need to apply age-adjusted analytic approaches to develop neurophysiologic-based strategies for pediatric anesthetic state monitoring.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (R01-GM104948)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (DP2-OD006454)Massachusetts General Hospita

Allagar an ardáin: taibhealaíona Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc Uí Choisdealbha

Déantar iniúchadh san alt seo ar an allagar i dtaibhealaíona Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc Uí Choisdealbha. Is de nádúr na béalaireachta an dúil sa choimhlint, dar le Ong (1989) agus Huizinga (1980). Fiosraítear anseo an dúil san iomaíocht chainte i dtraidisiún béil na Gaeilge agus pléitear a cuid tréithe mar a fheictear san agallamh beirte iad. Déantar plé ar agallaimh bheirte Johnny agus pléitear na contrárthachtaí agus na céilí comhraic a chuirtear os ár gcomhair sna haighnis fhileata sin. Chuirtí na hagallaimh seo i láthair ag Ollchruinnithe de chuid Scoileanna Éigse agus Seanchais na Gaillimhe, agus is féidir éisteacht leis na taifeadtaí sin anseo d’fhonn léargas breise a fháil ar na hagallaimh mar ealaín bheo, ina comhthéacs ceart sóisialta féin. Déantar anailís freisin ar anáil na béalaireachta ar dhrámaí stáitse Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc, ag díriú go speisialta ar an leas a bhain sé as an aighneas fileata sa dráma Mar a Chéile Muid

Drámaíocht ó dhúchas? Stáitsiú na nealaíon béil san fhichiú haois

Déantar iniúchadh sa tráchtas seo ar chur i láthair na n-ealaíon béil san fhichiú haois. Dhá ardán atá i gceist nuair a thagraítear do 'stáitsiú na n-ealaíon béil' sa teideal, mar atá, stáitse na gcomórtas agus stáitse na hamharclainne. Breathnaítear ar chúlra, ar fhorás agus ar chothú na n-ealaíon béil mar thaispeántais agus ar na heagraíochtaí ba mhó a d'fhéach leis an agallamh a fhorbairt sa chéad seo caite. Dírítear go príomha ar an agallamh beirte mar shainfhoirm ealaíne agus ar phríomhthéamaí agus tréithe na n-agallamh. Ó aimsir na hAthbheochana i leith, rinneadh ceangal idir an t-agallamh agus ealaín na drámaíochta agus is minic a pléadh na hagallaimh faoin téarma ginearálta 'drámaíocht dhúchasach.' D'fhéach drámadóirí áirithe le forbairt a dhéanamh ar an aighneas fileata agus gnéithe de a shní isteach i ndrámaí amharclainne. Anáil na n-agallamh agus ealaín na béalaireachta go ginearálta ar dhrámaí stáitse atá mar dhara snáithe an tráchtais. Déantar iniúchadh ar shaothar scríbhneoirí áirithe a bhain úsáid as eilimintí de thraidisiún an allagair ina ndrámaí stáitse. Déantar staidéar ar thionchar an agallaimh ar dhrámaí Alice Milligan, Lady Gregory, J.M. Synge, Tadhg Ó Conchubhair, Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc agus Micheál Ó Tuairisg. D'fhonn léargas breise a thabhairt ar idé-eolaíocht na drámaíochta 'dúchasaí' i dtréimhsí éagsúla, breathnaítear ar ealaíona béil eile a pléadh sna téarmaí céanna agus a cuireadh in oiriúint d'ardán na hamharclainne

An ethos or an afterthought?: an exploratory study into the educational \ud \ud inclusion of Gypsy/Travellers in a local authority / Caitriona Ni Mhuircheartaigh

This study explored the educational inclusion of Gypsy/Travellers (G/Ts) in a Local Authority (LA). Using a qualitative design, underpinned by a transformative ethos, it employed unstructured interviews to gather the perspectives of Irish Traveller (IT) parents and School Staff (SS) on the barriers and opportunities for inclusive education (IE) in the local context. Thematic analysis carried out separately on both data sets revealed that similar topics were raised by both sets of participants, which can be understood within three overarching concepts (‘over-arching-concept’s); Discriminatory Attitudes, Achieving Education for All and Creating Welcoming Communities. However, critical differences between how similar issues were understood emerged. These related particularly to understandings of equality and equity and the responsibility for inclusion. These ‘over-arching-concept’s are discussed in relation to how they create a story of exclusion from, rather than inclusion in education for these communities. The study concludes that in order to redress the historical and ongoing discrimination and exclusion experienced by these communities, a positive action approach to developing policies and practices, which complements a more equitable understanding of IE among educational services in this context is needed. Implications for Educational Psychology (EP) practice to support the development of IE in targeted areas within Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) eco-systems are suggested

Drámaíocht ó dhúchas? Stáitsiú na nealaíon béil san fhichiú haois

Déantar iniúchadh sa tráchtas seo ar chur i láthair na n-ealaíon béil san fhichiú haois. Dhá ardán atá i gceist nuair a thagraítear do \u27stáitsiú na n-ealaíon béil\u27 sa teideal, mar atá, stáitse na gcomórtas agus stáitse na hamharclainne. Breathnaítear ar chúlra, ar fhorás agus ar chothú na n-ealaíon béil mar thaispeántais agus ar na heagraíochtaí ba mhó a d\u27fhéach leis an agallamh a fhorbairt sa chéad seo caite. Dírítear go príomha ar an agallamh beirte mar shainfhoirm ealaíne agus ar phríomhthéamaí agus tréithe na n-agallamh. Ó aimsir na hAthbheochana i leith, rinneadh ceangal idir an t-agallamh agus ealaín na drámaíochta agus is minic a pléadh na hagallaimh faoin téarma ginearálta \u27drámaíocht dhúchasach.\u27 D\u27fhéach drámadóirí áirithe le forbairt a dhéanamh ar an aighneas fileata agus gnéithe de a shní isteach i ndrámaí amharclainne. Anáil na n-agallamh agus ealaín na béalaireachta go ginearálta ar dhrámaí stáitse atá mar dhara snáithe an tráchtais. Déantar iniúchadh ar shaothar scríbhneoirí áirithe a bhain úsáid as eilimintí de thraidisiún an allagair ina ndrámaí stáitse. Déantar staidéar ar thionchar an agallaimh ar dhrámaí Alice Milligan, Lady Gregory, J.M. Synge, Tadhg Ó Conchubhair, Johnny Chóil Mhaidhc agus Micheál Ó Tuairisg. D\u27fhonn léargas breise a thabhairt ar idé-eolaíocht na drámaíochta \u27dúchasaí\u27 i dtréimhsí éagsúla, breathnaítear ar ealaíona béil eile a pléadh sna téarmaí céanna agus a cuireadh in oiriúint d\u27ardán na hamharclainne

Slow-wave activity saturation and thalamocortical isolation during propofol anesthesia in humans.

The altered state of consciousness produced by general anesthetics is associated with a variety of changes in the brain's electrical activity. Under hyperpolarizing influences such as anesthetic drugs, cortical neurons oscillate at ~1 Hz, which is measurable as slow waves in the electroencephalogram (EEG). We have administered propofol anesthesia to 16 subjects and found that, after they had lost behavioral responsiveness (response to standard sensory stimuli), each individual's EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) rose to saturation and then remained constant despite increasing drug concentrations. We then simultaneously collected functional magnetic resonance imaging and EEG data in 12 of these subjects during propofol administration and sensory stimulation. During the transition to SWA saturation, the thalamocortical system became isolated from sensory stimuli, whereas internal thalamocortical exchange persisted. Rather, an alternative and more fundamental cortical network (which includes the precuneus) responded to all sensory stimulation. We conclude that SWA saturation is a potential individualized indicator of perception loss that could prove useful for monitoring depth of anesthesia and studying altered states of consciousness